Po Fit vs Pj Fit free essay sample

In this report the ideas of P-O P-J have been talked about arriving at a resolution that P-J fit is viewed as significant during the previous stages (screening phase) of determination while P-O fit is a need in later stages (interviews and so on) of choice procedure of a worker. The hypothesis of Person-Environment (PE) accept that constructive reactions happen when people will in general fit or match the environment.For model, When a solid match exists in the middle of individual condition, PE fit speculations of professional decision propose event of high fulfillment, mental physical prosperity when there is solid match (Dawis Lofquist, 1984; Holland, 1997). Broad examination bolsters the suggestion that people are happy with and alter most effectively to occupations that are harmonious with their own profession important character types. PE-fit is conceptualized as a general term, under which fall increasingly explicit ideas of fit. In the enlistment and choice area, two basic typ es of fit distinguished. This is a match between an individual necessities of a particular activity. Organizations frequently seek after that individual employment fit in order to coordinate the applicant’s information and aptitudes to the prerequisites of explicit employment opportunities and spotlight on an applicant’s capacity to perform immediately with no preparation. 2. Individual Organization Fit This is coordinate between an individual more extensive authoritative properties. Organizations while seeking after P-O fit spotlight on how well people fit with estimations of their organization culture. They keep an eye on accentuation on recruiting individuals with a capacity to work co-work with different representatives in the company.Person-Job fit Conceptualization The idea of individual occupation fit is the customary establishment for worker choice (Werbel Gilliland, 1999). The essential concern was constrained to discovering candidates with the correct aptitudes capacities for an accessible employment in the association. PJ fit is conceptualized as the match between singular information, aptitudes, and capacities (KSA) and requests of the activity or the necessities/wants of an individual and what is given by the activity (Edwards, 1991; OReilly, Chatman, ; Caldwell, 1991).Based on sensible employment sneak peaks, exact and practical occupation data empowers candidates to survey the level of coinciding between their KSA and the activity prerequisites (I. e. PJ fit; Breaugh, 1992; Breaugh ; Starke, 2000). Candidates who see a fit between their KSA and the activity prerequisites are plausible to stay in the choice procedure and acknowledge a bid for employment. RJP research has demonstrated that precise and reasonable activity data during enrollment and choice is related with positive work results (e. g. low steady loss from enrollment process, high occupation fulfillment, low deliberate turnover, high work performance).From its extremely basic beginning developing out of logical administration , the P-J Fit assurance process progressively picked up refinement with ID of both factually dependable ; substantial procedures that can be utilized to quantify P-J fit. Operationalizations of P-J Fit The operational part of P-J Fit spotlights on needs-supplies and request capacities point of view (Edwards, 1991). In this way, P-J fit can be characterized as the fit between wants of an individual versus qualities of a vocation OR capacities of an individual versus requests of a job.This needs-supplies and request capacities fit are expanded conceptualizations of integral fit. Strengthening fit doesn't have any significant bearing to P-J fit as it is worried to the individual just ; not the occupation. In worker choice practices, systems used to evaluate P-J fit incorporate tests, reference checks, resumes ; an assortment of other determination apparatuses (Werbel ; Gulliland, 1999). Results of P-J Fit Employee choice procedure in most association has customarily centered around accomplishing P-J Fit (Werbel ; Gulliland, 1999). Another supporter building up P-J fit is work structure system sponsored by association passage (Brosseau, 1984).Considerable confirmations show that an elevated level of P-J fit has positive results. P-J fit writing by Edwards (1991) distinguished low worry in work, participation, maintenance, execution and occupation fulfillment are results decidedly influenced by P-J fit. Analysts exhibited that organized ; approved methodology for deciding P-J fit have prompted progressively compelling choice of workers when contrasted with unstructured strategies Person-Organization Fit Conceptualization P-O fit can be characterized as similarity between individuals ; a ssociations (Kristof, 1996).With respects to representative choice examination, P-O fit can be conceptualized as the match between a candidate ; visitor authoritative qualities. The way to keep up the adaptable ; submitted work power, which is vital in a serious and tight work advertise, is P-O fit. The P-O fit exploration can be followed back to Schneider’s (1987) ASA system (Attraction-Selection-Attrition). According to Schneider, people are consistently watching out for circumstances alluring to them as opposed to fit any doled out circumstance. Schneider contended that an association can be viewed as s a circumstance, which infers that individuals can be pulled in to it, be chosen to be a piece of it, remain in the event that they have great P-O fit or leave the association incase there is nothing but bad fit. Operationalizations OF P-O fit There has been a continuous discussion with respect to the operationalizations of the P-O develop. Kristof (1996) audit of P-O fit writing distinguished four operationalizations of P-O fit. 1. Estimating the similitude between essential attributes of individuals and associations. The best approach to quantify this to check the consistency between individual ; authoritative qualities 2.Goal coinciding with hierarchical pioneers 3. Match between singular inclinations or requirements ; authoritative structures and frameworks. This operationalization of P-O fit mirror the need-supplies fit bend. 4. Match between singular qualities of individual character ; hierarchical atmosphere or authoritative character. Authoritative Climate is regularly operationalized as far as provisions, for example, rewards frameworks or correspondence groups. This point considers both the strengthening ; need-supplies fit viewpoints. Results Of PO FitAccording to Schneider’s ASA structure, the fascination between people ; associations depend on their similitude. This influence the activity decision approach of a candidate ; employing choices in associations. Observational proof backings the way that both candidate work decision conduct ; organization’s employing rehearses are precursors of P-O Fit. From the section point, people ; association socializations practice adds to P-O fit. Observational confirmations bolster reality (Chatman, 1991) High degree of this fit can be identified with positive results. P-O fit can be attached to work fulfillment ; association duty This fit could foresee goal of quit ; turnover (Chatman, 1991 ; O’Reilly et al. , 1991) and was likewise identified with citizenship practices (O’Reilly ; Chatman, 1986), relevant execution and self revealed cooperation. Significant level of P-O fit may have positive or negative hierarchical level results (Schneider, 1987). Connection between P-O fit ; P-J Fit P-O fit ; P-J fit are particular builds adroitly. Numerous analysts have detailed have revealed low connections between's real PO Fit a P-J fit (O’Reilly et al. 1991 ; Higgins, 2000) and saw P-O fit ; P-J fit(Kristof-Brown, 2001). Factor investigation demonstrated that the activity candidates and enrollment specialists could recognize or recognize P-O ; P-J fit ( Kristof-Brown, 2000). Kristof Brown (2000) reached a resolution recruiters’ saw P-O ; P-J were diverse as far as predecessors ; they offered special expectation of employer’s recruiting suggestions. Lauver Kristof â€Brown (2001) found that employees’ P-O fit could anticipate his goal to stop ; execution than the P-J fit. Both these fits legitimately influenced new employees’ outpu including pressure, work fulfillment ; turnover.P-J had the most effect on work mentalities followed by P-O fit. - P-O fit P-J In Employee Selection Employee determination can separated into two unique methodologies : prescriptive illustrative. The prescriptive sort of approach focus on focuses what supervisors ought to do in getting the correct up-and-comer. This methodology for the most part centers around the standards related valuation of the primary idea as the indicator area. The engaging methodology focuses on the part what administrators really do in their determination techniques. They portray how the central idea works out in the real process.Prescriptive Descriptive methodologies for P-O P-J fit in choice procedure can be summed up as follows. Prescriptive Approach In Selection Traditionally, the determination procedure was twist on accomplishing P-J fit (e. g American associations). The two specialists scientists recommended that P-J fit is turning out to be less significant when contrasted with others fits. The difficulties they looked from P-J fit were the all-inclusive rule area indicator factor (Werbel Gilliland, 1999). Borman Motwildo (1993) were of the feeling that choice of an up-and-comer ought to be related with association effectiveness.Distinguishing task relevant execution ought to be finished. Analysts recognized numerous comparable ideas with respect to logical execution, for example, expert social conduct, additional job conduct authoritative citizenship conduct. In view of these discoveries, they recommended choices on employing needs to go past P-J fit, contemplating the extended model space. The contentions for extended model area can be summed up as follows. First the Employers ought to know that the recruited representatives will hold various errands over the time of his employment.This prompts conflict with the reality of a worker making a particular showing as notice in P-J fit. Second point to which they focused on was in choice of a candidate by a supervisor ought to be founded on candidate

Best ACT Math Practice Tests How to Find and Use Them

Best ACT Math Practice Tests How to Find and Use Them SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Whatever your ACT Math prep plan, regardless of whether you’re doing self-study, a class, or working with a coach, you should be working with genuine ACT Math practice materials. The ACT Math test will be not normal for some other Math test you’ve taken. You have to work with the genuine material to become accustomed to the pacing and style of this one of a kind test. In this short guide, I’ll let you realize where to discover free and paid authority ACT Math practice tests. Best ACT Math Practice - Free and Official These tests are absolutely free. We've assembled every one of them in one spot for your benefit. ACT Math Free Online Sample Test This test organization can be somewhat awkward to utilize, however it's helpful and on the web. Answer all decisions on the page. At that point, click answer at the base to see the responses to the inquiry. Once you’ve checked your answers, you’ll have the option to proceed onward to the following page.There are 12 inquiries for each page with five pages for a sum of 60 inquiries (simply like the genuine ACT Math area which has 60 inquiries). To keep the planning practical, I suggest that you allow yourself 12 minutes for each page (which is 1 moment for each question) since you get an hour for 60 inquiries on the genuine ACT Math area. Take as much time as you have to check your answers on the given page. At that point, proceed onward to the following page and give yourself an additional 12 minutes. PDFs: ACT Practice Test 2015-2016 (Form 72CPRE):Math Section Pages 24-31, Answers Page 57 ACT Practice Test 2014-15 (Form 67C):Math Section Pages 24-31, Answers Page 56 ACT Practice Test 20-12 (Form 64E):Math Section Pages 26-33, Answers Page 61 ACT Practice Test 2008-09 (Form 61C):Math Section Pages 26-33, Answers Page 61 ACT Practice Test 2005-06 (Form 59F):Math Section Pages 26-33, Answers Page 61 You may see a couple of years are missing, and that is on the grounds that the ACT copies a similar test in various years. For instance, the 2013-14 test is indistinguishable from the 2014-15 test. We've incorporated the Form ID with each test so you can check this for yourself (you can see the Form ID in the base left of each page on the test). Best ACT Math Practice - Paid and Official While reading for the ACT Math segment, you’ll need in excess of six authority ACT practice tests.I energetically suggest The Real ACT third Edition. The book just expenses about $20, and it’s got five authority Math practice tests. The book is composed by the producers of the ACT, so it’s the genuine deal.Don't both purchasing Kaplan or Princeton Review for training tests - their quality is far second rate compared to the tests put out by the ACT. In the event that you need to get in a couple more practice ACT Math tests, I additionally suggest the ACT Online Program, however it’s less savvy at $25 for two additional training tests.It likewise incorporates an online prep program, yet it’s not great. In the event that you make the buy, take care of business the training tests, on the off chance that you need it. The ACT Math practice prospects are (close) interminable! Other ACT Math Materials As a rule, I suggest against utilizing any ACT Math practice tests that were not composed by the ACT as theywon’t providerealistic practice.You need to utilize genuine practice materials with the goal that you guarantee you’re stepping through exams that mirror the real substance and trouble of the genuine ACT. On the off chance that you take rehearses tests made by different organizations, they might be pretty much troublesome and may exclude the entirety of the substance on the genuine ACT.However,unofficial tests can be an extraordinary method to practicemath aptitudes if making an effort not to practiceACT-style questions. ACTMath, more than some other segment, depends on realizing the math content, so having a lot of materials to rehearse the distinctive math aptitudes required is significant and awful arranging doesn't make a difference so much. Look at our gigantic assortment of ACTstudy material for some official and informal tests. On the off chance that you despite everything need more ACT study material, look at our manual for the best ACT prep books. Step by step instructions to Use These ACT Math Practice Tests in Your Prep Regardless of whether you buy the entirety of the genuine ACT Math practice tests, you will just have 13, and every last one of these tests will take you 60 minutes, so you need to ensure you take advantage of every one. Here are my main three hints to best utilize your ACT Math practice tests: Tip #1:Take Math Practice Tests Under Realistic Conditions Take the math area at a time with precise planning. Utilize a watch to time the one-hour math area. Sit for the entire hour! It’s not excessively long! You have to sit for the full test with the goal that you become accustomed to the planning and figure out how to find a steady speed. You just get an hour for 60 inquiries. The inquiries progress from simple to hard.You’ll need to take a shot at spending less thana minute per question on the initial segment of the ACT Math segment with the goal that you have somewhat more than a moment for every inquiry to respond to the harder inquiries toward the finish of the Math segment. Try not to give yourself any extra time.This can permit you to do additional inquiries and improve your score. We need to utilize these training tests as dependable markers of your genuine score so adhere to the genuine planning. NOTE: reasonable practice implies complying with the entirety of the principles of the test. You're just permitted to have your number cruncher for the math area. You ought not have your telephone out. You ought to utilize a pencil. Peruse our full manual for sensible practice. Tip #2: Review Your Mistakes At the point when you finish your Math practice tests, score your Math test.Look at each error you made and attempt to make sense of where you went wrong.If you skirt this progression, you're not going to gain from your mix-ups, and you'll keep making them again and again. I prescribe going through at any rate 30 minutes to an hour looking into your ACT math test.It may appear to be a great deal of time, yet it’s important to take this time so you gain from your mistakes.It’s better for you to take three ACT Math practice tests with point by point survey than six with no audit. Thoroughly consider quality amount! Tip #3: Supplement With Skill Work There are a few understudies who can see improvement in ACT math by simply taking practice tests and acclimating themselves with the pace and style, however that is uncommon. The greater part ofstudents need to do a more inside and out survey of math skillsthat they may have overlooked, never learned, or never fully aced. On the off chance that you discover you're not enhancing your training tests, I suggest that you look atour singular Math content aides. These articles tacklespecific math branches of knowledge (for example Direct Equations, Trigonometry, and so forth.) that you have to know to prevail on the ACT Math segment. When you survey your first practice test, make sense of the explanation you got every math question wrong:was it because of misreading an inquiry? Or on the other hand not knowing the content?If you didn't have the foggiest idea about the substance essential tosolve the inquiry, at that point you have to survey that content! Tip #4: Get Additional Help If You Need It! In the event that you’re not improving your score, you should enhance the training tests with additional prep work, either a mentor, class, book, (for example, the ones connected to above) or a program.While a few understudies might have the option to gain from their slip-ups on training tests, the dominant part need extra direction to bring up their shortcomings and to enable them to improve. Notwithstanding, a great prep program ought to be customized to your necessities, concentrating on your zone of shortcoming while not burning through your time covering points that you’ve effectively aced. What’s Next? Since you realize where to discover ACT Math practice tests, you should investigate our ACT math advisers for assist you with concentrating any individual ACT math subject from proportions to pivots, focuses to probabilities;we have you secured. Stuck on an ACT math issue? 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Moral Influence in Great Expectations Essay

Show the Moral Influence on Pip in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations Symbolism as it is utilized in writing plans to extend the inner parts of an individual’s character through the outer viewpoints in all actuality. Charles Dickens, in his novel, Great Expectations utilizes imagery so as to reflect other individuals’ moral effect on Pip. Consider for instance the accompanying occasions. In the novel’s beginning part, one is given the character of Pip who is depicted as a vagrant with a clear creative mind. As he relates his underlying encounters throughout everyday life, Pip specifies that his â€Å"most distinctive and expansive impression of the personality of things, seems†¦to have been picked up on a significant crude evening towards evening† (Dickens, 1992, p. 3). It was during tonight that Pip met the convict, Magwitch. The utilization of imagery in his experience with Magwitch is apparent as Pip’s introductory prologue to the awful parts of man’s nature, as Magwitch, happened during the change from day to night. One sees here how Dicken’s utilizes the move from day to night as a methods for moving the disposition inside the novel so that will set up the peruser for his experience with a person who is in control of a sketchy good character. Likewise, one sees here the way through which Magwitch’s moral character influences Pip’s moral mien as Pip was acquainted with submitting ethically flawed activities through his possibility experience with Magwitch. Instead of the utilization of murkiness as a methods for representing the improper parts of man, Dickens additionally utilizes the light as a methods for representing the ethical parts of man. For instance, one is given Pip’s starting experience with Estella. Estella, which truly implies star, is introduced as a ‘angelic’ being who moves Pip to want for the better things throughout everyday life. Reference Dickens, C. (1992). Incredible Expectations. London: Wordsworth Editions, 1992.

Oh, the Humanity An Analysis of Characteristics by Species in The Trial of an Ox and “The Ant, or Emmet” - Literature Essay Samples

How can we define humanity? The word â€Å"inhuman† is used to describe cruel and brutal actions. Thusly, a human’s perspective would dictate that humanity should be interpreted as the opposite, and entail dignity and goodness but it is important to consider how humanity is defined through the lens of the natural world. The works The Trial of an ox for killing a man : with the examination of the witnesses before Judge Lion, at Quadruped Court, near Beast Park (henceforth referred to as The Trial of an Ox) and Isaac Watts’ â€Å"The Ant, or Emmet† explore humanity in contrast with animality through interactions between humans and animals. In The Trial of an Ox, a man inflicts such cruelty on an ox he owns that an animal tribunal rules that the ox was driven to kill his tormentor out of madness. This work examines the motives and morals of humans and animals from an animal perspective, whereas Isaac Watts’ â€Å"The Ant, or Emmet† takes a human point of view to examine the minuscule world of ants as an example for human behaviour. Humanity is defined in these two works through an exploration of violence, ignorance, and free will. The use of violence and propensity for ignorance by humans differs slightly in each narrative, with direct cruelty and lack of sensitivity featured in the former and indirect murder and wilful ignorance in the latter. What unites these two works and truly defines humanity is that humans are capable of choosing the way that they behave and are not driven by instinct. Violence and brutality is a central theme of The Trial of an Ox. The Ox is on trial â€Å"for having gored his Dri ver in such a brutal manner† (6). This is met with outrage from the animal community, but is not the gravest act of atrocity committed according to the animals at the trial. It is revealed that, in truth, the Ox was abused, â€Å"pricked and beaten† by the driver he killed (17). The Bee testifies that the Ox had no intent to gore his driver, but â€Å"had lost his senses, and therefore could not be held accountable for his actions† (12). Ultimately, the trial finds the Ox guilty not of murder but manslaughter, which asserts the involuntary nature of the action. As revealed through the verdict, in the animal world it is impossible for the Ox to have made the conscious decision to kill the drover. Furthermore, the animals are held to a standard of law if they harm another, whereas humans can choose to be cruel to animals and undergo no repercussions. In Watts’ poem, humans still enact violence towards animals, asâ€Å" We tread them to dust, and a troop of them dies† (4). â€Å"The Ant, or Emmet† treats violence by humans differently than The Trial of an Ox. While humans are still tormentors of ants, they do so quickly and with ignorance, trampling them â€Å"Without our regard or concern† (line 3). This act of brutality, while committed flippantly, shows a conscious choice to commit violence as humanity has knowledge of their impact on ants but chooses to continue killing them. Ants, in any case, cannot harm their larger aggressors, so this brutality again enforces the same power dynamic as that of the ox and the drover: man is allowed to cause harm, but reciprocity of this act is not allowed. In both works, humankind is portrayed as a conscious aggressor towards nature, whereas animals are portrayed (be it by law and consequence or by weakness) as incapable of inflicting suffering unto humans. This capability to mistreat nature without consequence is shown in these two works to be unique to humans. In â€Å"The Ant, or Emmet†, h umans are portrayed as complex and capable of deep thought, but having a blatant disregard for nature and animal life. Revisiting the earlier quote from Watts’ poem, we step on ants â€Å"Without our regard or concern† (3). Watts acknowledges that humans are â€Å"wise†(9) and have the knowledge of ants and the fact that that we kill them, but we continue to do so and do not feel burdened. Watts continues that, should humans put aside their ignorance of ants, there are â€Å"Some lessons of wisdom† to be found in the way in which ants â€Å"manage their work† (6, 10). Humans, who are apt to â€Å"trifle†, do not have the same sensibilities as the tiny ant, but what makes them human is their ability and privilege not to notice the intricacies of animal life and nature. The Trial of an Ox further reinforces the notion that humanity is defined by its ignorance to its impact on animals. After the ox is tormented by his drover, the other animals lament his lack of sensitivity towards animals. States the Tiger, â€Å"Tis amazing that humans should complain of cruelty of animals, when their own minds are productive of scenes of such inhumanity† (14-15). Humans, while they believe themselves to be more morally sound than animals, are not capable of understanding the negative impact they cause. While in a different sense, in The Trial of an Ox humans are just as ignorant to the suffering of animals as in â€Å"The Ant, or Emmet†, and this lack of sympathy and understanding towards nature is a defining trait that sets humans apart. The most defining characteristic of humanity in these two works is that humans have agency and intent, whereas animals lack these in some capacity. In â€Å"The Ant, or Emmet†, the humanity is defined by having the choice between frivolity and pious work. Watts knows that he must choose the direction of his life, pining for good faith in his decision: â€Å"Let me think what shall serve me† (20). Though there is the possibility that he can make the choice between the human propensity to â€Å"trifle away† or to â€Å"read in good books, and believe, and obey†, the ant does not have this choice (18,22). Thus, the definition of humanity is the option to choose whether or not to educate oneself and devote oneself to religion, knowledge, and godliness. In this work, ants are instinctive and do only what they need to live. The human, possessing possibilities of either righteous or slothful behaviour, acts as a foil for the ant who has no other option than to wo rk diligently to survive. The animals in The Trial of an Ox act to further contrast humankind through their system of choice and accountability. While in this work, animals are seen to converse and negotiate, they are ultimately bestowed with less agency than their human counterparts. Animal decisions, while allowed, are filtered through the complicated lens of the court system. In order to even consider the punishment of the Ox, a thorough trial presents itself as a barrier to choice for the animals. According to The Trial of an Ox, while animals are capable of violence, what separates humans from animals is their capability for violence with intent. The ultimate judgement, which states that the Ox was â€Å"driven to desparation by the cruel treatment†, takes the agency away from animals humans can commit grave actions with intent, but animals can only commit impactful actions not by choice, but under the influence of madness (17). The two works, though differing in the depth of dialogue shown, both show an uninhibited possibility of choice and agency for humans, but a fundamental lack thereof for animals. Revisiting the earlier question, humanity can be defined by what it is and what it is not. Through The Trial of an Ox, humans are characterized through their capability for active violence without consequence and their ignorance towards the ways in which they harm animals. In â€Å"The Ant, or Emmet†, humans have knowledge of their violence, but choose wilful ignorance. The uniting characteristic of these two definitions of humanity is that humans are not bound to instinct, duty, or natural law: humans have pure freedom of choice in their actions. Works Cited The Trial of an ox for killing a man : with the examination of the witnesses before Judge Lion, at Quadruped Court, near Beast Park. Banbury, 1835. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/trialofoxforkill00banbiala. Watts, Isaac. â€Å"The Ant, or Emmet†. From Instruction to Delight: An Anthology of Children’s Literature to 1850, edited by Patricia Demers, Oxford University Press, 2008, pp. 94-95.

A Good Man Is Hard For Find By Flannery O Connor s ``...

â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Find† â€Å"The Necklace† In today s society we tend to see people live above their means. The reason why I may be picked or even chose. In the short story by author Guy De Maupassant, â€Å"The Necklace† and the story â€Å"Good Man Is Hard to Find† by Flannery O Connor is because both stories have many similarities that we can say that they are combined. The ladies show that they see themselves as important in these stories. These ladies are more concerned of their appearance and impressions on other people. These ladies refuse to admit that they are wrong on their decisions. These ladies also suffer from pride in both stories. It shows that the grandmother that s in the story â€Å"Good Man Is Hard To Find† to find that the grandmothers pride was manifested. The evidence shows that the grandmother believes herself to be better than others. The grandmother wants everyone to realize she’s a lady at all means. She even consider herself better than her grandchildren in also better than everyone else. In the beginning of the story it shows that the grandmother dresses in her sunday clothes for a family road trip, In case of an accident. She wanted people to see if she was hurt in an accident that they will see herself as lady. (In the story, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, the grandmother is described on page 1, paragraph 12, wearing â€Å"a navy blue straw sailor hat with a bunch of white violets on the brim and a navy blue dressShow MoreRelatedA Proposal1240 Words   |  5 PagesSeiter 1 Allison Seiter Introduction to Literature Brian Leingang April 1, 2013 A Proposal: A Good Man is Hard to Find In 1953, the short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† was published in the anthology Modern Writing I by Avon Publications. Around the year 1955, a collection of short stories by Flannery O’Connor became published. The themes of these stories range from baptism to serial killers and then to human greed and exploration. For theRead MoreGuy De Maupassant s `` The Necklace `` And The Story `` Good Man Is Hard901 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Find† â€Å"The Necklace† In today s society we tend to see people live above their means. The reason why I may be picked or even chose. In the short story by author Guy De Maupassant, â€Å"The Necklace† and the story â€Å"Good Man Is Hard to Find† by Flannery O Connor is because both stories have many similarities that we can say that they are combined but different tragedies. The ladies show that they see themselves as important in these stories. These ladies are more concerned aboutRead MoreAn Analysis Of Flannery O Connor s A Good Man1425 Words   |  6 PagesBakane Franca Dr. Lorna Wiedmann English 202-025 December 12, 2014 The Devious Grandmother Have you ever noticed that, many individuals never awaken to reality unless they are exposed to violence? In Flannery O’Connor’s short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† his main character, the grandmother is a master manipulator. In the story, a family is destroyed not only because of accidents caused by the grandmother, but also because the grandmother is inconsiderate and self-centered; they are all killedRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard For Find By Flannery O Connor1837 Words   |  8 Pages In the short story â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Find† Flannery O Connor uses the grandmother as a main character. Baileys mother in this story views herself as a truthful, wise and righteous lady throughout. She uses her manipulation, lies, and persuasiveness to her advantage but soon the reader learns how honest those views are. She quickly reveals herself as a different person when those traits she usually uses to get what she wants fails her. She can easily persuade someone to get her way, but how

Assessment of Environmentalist Approaches to Energy

Question: Describe about the Assessment of Environmentalist Approaches to Energy. Answer: Introduction: In the contemporary era of growth as well as economic development, it is evident that human kind is going to face a greater crisis regarding the energy resource in the next century. As the human population of the world is increasing in a geometric progression, it is being assumed that the world population will be double of the current 7 billion by mid-century. This scenario will evidently augment the usage of energy as well as its resource. In this context, various environmentalists are emphasizing mostly on two approaches to deter this crisis. The approaches include moving to sustainable energy sources while maintaining market economy and reducing the usage of non-renewable source by reduced energy use. The article focuses on assessing both of the approaches regarding energy usage along with indicating most effective approach for the humankind. Discussion: It is evident that energy is one of the most imperative necessities of humankind in the current advanced world. It can be considered as the key driver of economic development, which is the key tool of sharing prosperity in to the society and thereby reducing poverty. In addition to that, social development such as health and education is also highly depended on the access of energy. Globalization has enabled the humankind to access most of the resources for generating energy, albeit the resource endowments immensely varies from country to country as do the cost of energy supply (Knopf, Nahmmacher Schmid, 2015). Due to this particular scarcity of energy resources the world experiences a scale of variation in the domestic market, regional trade and collaboration prospect as well as infrastructure development prospect. It has been observed that the potential energy supply cost is immensely low in the highly developed nation. Figure 1: Energy dependence of the countries (Source: Edenhofer et al., 2013) It has been identified by various extensive studies that the developing countries are continuously experiencing a pressing concern regarding the achievement of reliable power supply. It can be observed from the latest report that the majority of the developing countries faced an exceeding demand of base-load electricity in comparison with the supply. The energy deficit has been noted to be around 7% in all of the developing geographic regions (Hinrichs-Rahlwes, 2013). The power deficit is affecting these countries to such an extent that it causes regular brownouts as well as blackouts and thereby huge amount of economic losses. In this context, it can be seen that majority of the Sub-Saharan African countries are forced to pay a high cost of electricity, which thereby reduces the affordability and basic energy needs of the general population. Figure 2: Energy consumption of the countries (Source: Podobnik, 2015) In order to eliminate these imperative crises such as poverty of energy as well as energy service delivery crisis, the environmentalists have considered undertaking the most sustainable approach to energy so that the entire globe can be prosperous without any hindrance. The majority of the environmentalists are inclined towards the usage of sustainable sources of energy, which will evidently decrease the importance of non-renewable energy sources. The advancement of technology has evidently increased the applicability of this policy of energy generation from renewable sources (del Ro Cerd, 2014). According to the traditional definition, the renewable energy refers to the energy, which is generated from the renewable resources that can be replenished within the human time scale. These resources are waves, sunlight, tides, wind, geothermal heat as well as rain. It is common knowledge in the current time that renewable energy sources are capable of decreasing the dependence on the fossils fuels. Therefore, it can also be assumed that the renewable sources can limit the environmental impact caused by the conventional energy generators. In this aspect, it has been noticed that the majority of the effectiveness of the global economy is evolving around the energy efficiency as well as sustainability. Therefore, most of the political decision makers are greatly considering the approach to use the renewable energy. Despite the strong support for the usage of renewable energy sources, it can be identified that the cost of the energy generation, as well as supply, is quite high. The high cost always has been a key factor that limited the implementation of renewable energy practices (Cerd del Ro, 2015). The major concerns that have been identified are the implementation of highly expensive technologies as well as costly operation and maintenance pro cess. The major factors considered as integral part of the energy generation processes are scalability, commercialization, substitutability, material input requirements, intermittency, water, regulation of receding horizons as well as energy return on investment and energy density. The renewable sources must have the capability to supply a certain amount of energy within a specific period. In order to switch from conventional energy sources to the renewable energy sources, a huge altercation in the infrastructure will be needed. Thus, it can be easily assumed that the renewable energy cannot be used as a substitute for the conventional energy source within a short notice. The renewable energy sources are considered as the low-density carriers of energy (Lopez-Pena, Perez-Arriaga Linares, 2012). Therefore, the renewable energy sources will need a higher amount of units in comparison to the conventional sources of energy. Considering these factors the social scientists have been able to ide ntify several critical barriers that would be a major factor for the efficiency of renewable sources. In order to compete against the conventional means of energy generation, the renewable energy sources must overcome a couple of most important barriers which are lacking economic scale as well as undeveloped infrastructure. Being the most expensive means of energy generation process the renewable energy generally requires a large amount of fund to develop the primary investments (Fagiani, Barqun Hakvoort, 2013). It has been observed that the early years of renewable energy generation consists of an increasing investment series. These investments have major aspects, which are described below: Prospecting: In order to initiate the renewable energy generation process the authority must unearth the most acceptable sites. In this context, the sites must be with good resources and lines of transmission. Permitting: The conventional energy generation process consists of several issues, which are quite common and the review system is quite straight forward. Moreover, the renewable sources produce new types of issues that demand innovative review system (Cho Kim, 2015). Marketing: As the conventional energy is highly available in the market and the general population is quite familiar with the usage of energy, the authority has to convince the citizens to switch their energy type from scratch. Installation, maintenance, and operation: In the context of implementing the renewable source, the authority must employ a highly trained workforce in order to install, maintain as well as operate the technological aspect of the renewable energy process (Amigues, Le Kama Moreaux, 2015). Despite these crucial concerns, it can also be identified that the mass production of the energy technologies can be highly effective for reducing the cost of the renewable energy process. In this context, it has been observed that price of the photovoltaic has been decreased up to 20 25 percent in the last two decades. Moreover, it is assumed by the professionals that it can be reduced up to further 20% with the increase of production. In addition to that, various studies have indicated that energy efficiency policies undertaken by European countries have effectively reduced the cost of the renewable energy (Shaddel Shokouhian, 2014). This crucial example further raises the debates to the approaches to use of conventional energy source and renewable source. It presents the evidence that the renewable energy has the potential to compete with the conventional energy sources in terms of price and effectiveness. The major advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy have been depi cted in the following table. Type of energy Energy Source Advantages Disadvantages Solar The sunlight is turned into electricity by solar panel. The energy supply is potentially infinite. The electric supply can be owned by single dwelling. The solar panels are highly expensive in terms of manufacturing and implementation. Wind The wind is converted into electricity by wind turbines. The energy supply is potentially infinite The single wind turbines can create energy from a single unit. The wind turbines are highly expensive in terms of manufacturing and implementation. Moreover, it is objected due to the spoiling of countryside. Tidal The tide movement is converted by turbines. The energy supply is potentially infinite. The technology can effectively prevent the flooding. The barrage is very expensive in terms of construction. Moreover, it has an environmentalist concern as it rumored to be harmful to underwater biodiversity. Wave The wave movement turned into electricity by driving turbine. The operation can be only implemented through a small local operation. The manufacturing cost is extreme and often opposed by the environmentalists. Geothermal The natural heat of earth can turn the cold water into a hot stream, which is converted into electricity by power turbines. The energy supply is potentially infinite. It is only applicable in the volcanic region, and the plant can be redundant in future. Hydroelectric Power The water movement in various dams, lakes, and rivers is transformed into electricity. Besides the energy plant, it can be used as water reserves as well. The development cost is quite high. It can cause flooding and adverse impact on local hydrology. Biomass Organic material can be burned for the energy generation. The biomass resources are cheap and available. It generates a high amount of pollutants and greenhouse gas. Wood Felled trees can be burned to produce heat and light. It is highly cheap and available. It generates a high amount of pollutants and greenhouse gas. Table 1: Assessment of renewable resources (Source: Wilson, Wood Garside, 2012) As per the data provided by U.S Energy Information Administration, it can be derived that it is likely impossible to replenish the non renewable energy sources within a short period. The non-renewable resources include several nuclear elements such as plutonium, radium, uranium; coal, natural gas as well as oil. Numerous scholars consider the non-renewable source as the most effective approach to energy generation as the resources is immensely abundant (Chu Majumdar, 2012). On the contrary, several environmentalists have been able to deduce that current rate of exploration of the natural resources will evidently create a crisis within the next century. However, the current studies on the energy sources and their impacts have been able to reveal several crucial disadvantages, which are most damaging for the humankind. These problems are environment contamination, damaging of bio-diversity as well as crop loss. In order to avoid these severe consequences of conventional energy use, the environmentalists have proposed another major approach. Numerous nations are effectively following this approach as it presents a flexible stand while concerning the use of conventional resources for energy generation (Hinrichs-Rahlwes, 2013). However, it is also openly acknowledged by every nation that the non-renewable resources are highly unsustainable while considering long term prospect. It has also been discovered by an extensive study that continuous use of the conventional resource will present a markedly detrimental effect on the environment in future. Although the countries in all over the world have mutually taken a crucial stand to combat the environmental deterioration, the approved measures are insufficient. The current gravity of the situation has reached a certain extent that the global warming protocols can be considered a futile effort. In this context, another major concern is climate change, which is proved to be gaining major upper hand constantly (Silva, Soares Afonso, 2013). Thus, the environmentalists suggest a complete revamping of the socio-economic structure so that the energy consumption can be limited. However, considering all of the above aspects it can be noticeably determined that the conventional use of non-renewable energy cannot be limited, as it will require a high control, strenuous effort as well as tremendous goodwill. In the current era of growth and development, the developing countries cannot survive the competition without necessary access to energy. They will need a high amount of energy in education, health, production as well as construction fields. In addition to that, the emerging political power in the world has created a scenario where the energy resource can be considered as the major tool of power definition (Kurbatova Khlyap, 2015). In this context, it is evident that the approach of drastic change in society will not be entertained various nation, and thus it lacks the practicality. It can also be considered that the limitation of energy use is not a relevant way for them. In support of the argument, it can also be stated that the natural resources will not be replenished by the limited use of non-renewable sources. Therefore, the world must stop consuming non-renewable resources and depend on the renewable sources (Mohammed et al., 2013). As the renewable sources have the capabilit y to supply the energy for a long time, it has the potential to substitute the use conventional sources. Conclusion: The above-described article successfully addressed the major approaches of energy uses, which are the use of sustainable resources at the same time maintaining the national economy and reshaping the society to limit the use of conventional resources for energy generation drastically. The article effectively assessed the approaches in terms of cost as well as efficiency. It has been identified by the discussion that although the renewable sources of energy has a positive advantage of green energy. At the same time, the use of non-renewable sources cannot be continued for a long run. Moreover, the non-renewable resources are having a highly damaging effect on the environment. Thus, the article successfully concludes that the despite all obstacles the use of renewable resources for energy generation will be the most ethical and effective approach. Reference List: Amigues, J. P., Le Kama, A. A., Moreaux, M. (2015). Equilibrium transitions from non-renewable energy to renewable energy under capacity constraints.Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,55, 89-112. Cerd, E., del Ro, P. (2015). Different interpretations of the cost-effectiveness of renewable electricity support: Some analytical results.Energy,90, 286-298. Cho, S., Kim, J. (2015). Feasibility and impact analysis of a renewable energy source (RES)-based energy system in Korea.Energy,85, 317-328. Chu, S., Majumdar, A. (2012). Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future.nature,488(7411), 294-303. del Ro, P., Cerd, E. (2014). The policy implications of the different interpretations of the cost-effectiveness of renewable electricity support.Energy Policy,64, 364-372. Edenhofer, O., Hirth, L., Knopf, B., Pahle, M., Schlmer, S., Schmid, E., Ueckerdt, F. (2013). On the economics of renewable energy sources.Energy Economics,40, S12-S23. Fagiani, R., Barqun, J., Hakvoort, R. (2013). Risk-based assessment of the cost-efficiency and the effectivity of renewable energy support schemes: Certificate markets versus feed-in tariffs.Energy policy,55, 648-661. Hinrichs-Rahlwes, R. (2013). Renewable energy: Paving the way towards sustainable energy security: Lessons learnt from Germany.Renewable Energy,49, 10-14. Knopf, B., Nahmmacher, P., Schmid, E. (2015). The European renewable energy target for 2030An impact assessment of the electricity sector.Energy policy,85, 50-60. Kurbatova, T., Khlyap, H. (2015). State and economic prospects of developing potential of non-renewable and renewable energy resources in Ukraine.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,52, 217-226. Lpez-Pea, ., Prez-Arriaga, I., Linares, P. (2012). Renewables vs. energy efficiency: The cost of carbon emissions reduction in Spain.Energy Policy,50, 659-668. Mohammed, Y. S., Mustafa, M. W., Bashir, N., Mokhtar, A. S. (2013). Renewable energy resources for distributed power generation in Nigeria: a review of the potential.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,22, 257-268. Podobnik, B. (2015). Global energy inequalities: exploring the long-term implications.journal of world-systems research,8(2), 252-274. Shaddel, M., Shokouhian, M. (2014). Feasibility of solar thermal collectors usage in dwelling apartments in Mashhad, the second megacity of Iran.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,39, 1200-1207. Silva, S., Soares, I., Afonso, O. (2013). Economic and environmental effects under resource scarcity and substitution between renewable and non-renewable resources.Energy Policy,54, 113-124. Wilson, E., Wood, R. G., Garside, B. (2012). Sustainable energy for all.Linking poor communities to modern energy services WORKING PAPER, (1).

You might remember the heroic role that newly

You might remember the heroic role that newly-inve Essay nted radar played in the Second World War. People hailed it then as Our Miracle Ally. But even in its earliest years, as it was helping win the war, radar proved to be more than an expert enemy locator. Radar technicians, doodling away in their idle moments, found that they could focus a radar beam on a marshmallow and toast it. They also popped popcorn with it. Such was the beginning of microwave cooking. The very same energy that warned the British of the German Luftwaffe invasion and that policemen employ to pinch speeding motorists, is what many of us now have in our kitchens. Its the same as what carries long distance phone calls and cablevision. Hitlers army had its own version of radar, using radio waves. But the trouble with radio waves is that their long wavelength requires a large, cumbersome antenna to focus them into a narrow radar beam. The British showed that microwaves, with their short wavelength, could be focussed ina narrow beam with an antenna many times smaller. T his enabled them to make more effective use of radar since an antenna could be carried on aircraft, ships and mobile ground stations.This characteristic of microwaves, the efficiency with which they are concentrated in a narrow beam, is one reason why they can be used in cooking. You can produce a high-powered microwave beam in a small oven, but you cant do the same with radio waves, which are simply too long.Microwaves and their Use The idea of cooking with radiation may seem like a fairly new one, but in fact it reaches back thousands of years. Ever since mastering fire, man has cooked with infrared radiation, a close kin of the microwave.Infrared rays are what give you that warm glow when you put your hand near a room radiator or a hotplate or a campfire. Infrared rays, flowing from the sun and striking the atmosphere, make the Earth warm and habitable. In a conventional gas or electric oven, infrared waves pour off the hot elements or burners and are converted to heat when they strike air inside and the food. Microwaves and infrared rays are related in that both are forms of electromagnetic energy. Both consist of electric and magnetic fields that rise and fall like waves on an ocean. Silently, invisibly and at the speed of light, they travel through space and matter. There are many forms of electromagnetic energy (see diagram). Ordinary light from the sun is one, and the only one you can actually see. X-rays are another. Each kind, moving at a separate wavelength, has a unique effect on any matter it touches. When you lie out in the summer sun, for example, its the infrared rays that bring warmth, but ultraviolet radiation that tans your skin. If the Earths protective atmosphere werent there, intense cosmic radiation from space would kill you.So why do microwaves cook faster than infrared rays?Well, suppose youre roasting a chicken in a radar range. What happens is that when you switch on the microwaves, theyre absorbed only by water molecules in the chic ken. Water is what chemists call a polar molecule. It has a slightly positive charge at one end and a slightly negative charge at the opposite end. This peculiar orientation provides a sort of handle for the microwaves to grab onto. The microwaves agitate the water molecules billions of times a second, and this rapid movement generates heat and cooks the food.Since microwaves agitate only water molecules, they pass through all other molecules and penetrate deep into the chicken. They reach right inside the food. Ordinary ovens, by contrast, fail to have the same penetrating power because their infrared waves agitate all molecules. Most of the infarred radiation is spent heating the air inside the oven, and any remaining rays are absorbed by the outer layer of the chicken. Food cooks in an ordinary oven as the heat from the air and the outer layer of the food slowly seeps down to the inner layers. In short, oven microwaves cook the outside of the chicken at the same time as they cook the inside. Infrared energy cook from the outside in a slower process.This explains why preheating is necessary in a conventional oven. The air inside must be lifted to a certain temperature by the infrared rays before it can heat the food properly.. It also explains why infrared ovens brown food and microwave ovensdont. Bread turns crusty and chicken crispy in a infrared oven simply because their outside gets much hotter than their interior. Finally, as anyone who owns a microwave oven knows, you never put an empty container inside a radar range. Since nonpolar materials such as plastic and glass dont warm up in the presence of microwaves, there will be nothing in the oven to absorb the radiation. Instead, it will bounce back and forth against the walls of the oven, creating an electrical arc that may burn a hole in the oven.This hushed energy, electromagnetic radiation, flows all around us. All forms of matter, even your own body, produce electromagnetism microwaves, x-rays, unt raviolet rays. It may interest you to know that whereas the human eye is sensitive to light radiation, the eye of the snake can sense infrared. Your body emits infrared radiation day and night, so snakes can see you even when you cant see them. Though weak microwaves exist naturally, scientists didnt invent devices that harnass them for useful purposes until the 1930s. In a radar range, the device from which microwaves emanate is a small vacuum tube, called a magnetron. A magnetron takes electrical energy from an ordinary household outlet and uses it to push electrons in its core so that they oscillate fast enough to give off microwaves. These are then relayed by a small antenna to a hollow tube, called a waveguide, which channels the microwaves to a fanlike stirrer that scatters them around the ovens interior. They bounce off the oven walls and are absorbed by water molecules in the food. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that our exposure to electromagnetic radiat ion increases by several percent a year. Look around you. The modern landscape fairly bristles with microwave dishes and antennae. Here again, in telecommuncations, it is the convenience with which microwaves can be focused in a narrow beam, that makes them so useful. Microwave dishes can be hundreds of times smaller than radio wave dishes.Industry employs microwaves heat in many ways to dry paints, bond plywood, roast coffee beans, kill weeds and insects, and cure rubber. Microwaves trigger garage door openers and burglar alarms. The new cellular car phone is a microwave instrument. Microwaves and Your Body Not surprisingly, as high-powered microwaves have proliferated in the atmosphere and the workplace, a passionate debate has grown over the pontential danger they pose to human health. But that is a topic for another article. For the moment, scientists at the University of Guelph have recently reported using microwaves to raise chickens. Housed in a large oven-like enclosure, yo ung chicks keep warm under a slow drizzle of radiation. So far, the chicks seem to like their home in the range. Theyve even learned to turn on the microwaves whenever they feel cold. A similar scheme for heating human beings has actually been proposed by a scientist from Harvard University. Equipping buildings with microwave radiators would cut energy costs, he says, since microwaves heat people and not the surrounding air. Just set the thermostat dial to rare, medium or well done! Some researchers are concerned that people who work with microwave equipment are absorbing low levels of radiation that may prove harmful over the long term. One line of experiments has shown that uncoiled DNA molecules in a test tube can absorb microwave energy. The unravelled DNA chains resonate to the microwaves in the same way that a violin string vibrates when plucked. The question this raises is this: does microwave radiation vibrate coiled DNA in the human body, and if so, is this vibration strong enough to knock off vital molecules from the chain? 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