Perception of Organized Crime Essay Example for Free

Perception of Organized Crime Essay Organized crime has been defined as illegal acts committed by a criminal organization or group. The NCIS (2005) described organized crime as having 4 salient attributes: (1) organized crime group contains at least three people; (2) the criminal activity the group engages in is ongoing and indefinite in duration; (3) the group is motivated by a desire for profit or power; and, (4) the group commits serious criminal offenses (Lynman Potter, 2007). There are different categories of organized criminal behavior. They include the provision of illicit services, provision of illicit goods, conspiracy to commit crime, penetration of legitimate business, extortion, and corruption. Illicit services are services that legitimate business do not provide. These services include but are not limited to gambling that is illegal, protection rackets, loan sharking, and prostitution. Illicit goods are also not available not available from legitimate businesses. Illegal drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, and heroin are examples of illicit goods. Unregistered guns and stolen property are also examples of illicit goods. Conspiracy is an agreement between two or more people to violate the law. Conspiracy is a vital category of organized criminal behavior. Organized crime members often work together for the purpose of making money. They work together to sell drugs, stolen property, loan sharking, gambling, prostitution and other illegal activities they have going on within their organization. Organized crime organizations have no legal way to spend their profits so they must hide their revenue. They do this by penetrating legal businesses. Many of these crime organizations have businesses such as construction and contractors. Extortion is another category of organized crime. Many organized crime organizations use extortion to infiltrate legitimate businesses. Extortion is the use or threatened use of violence or force to achieve a criminal end (Lynman Potter, 2007). Corruption is also a category of organized crime. Many of these organized crime groups could not  flourish if it wasnt for for the aid of pubic and private figures such as police officers, judges, prosecutors, mayors, bankers, attorneys, and elected and appointed officials. Organized crime groups have different hierarchies. There is the standard hierarchy in which there is a single organized crime group which is led by a single powerful individual. These organizations have clearly defined roles, a readily identified chain of command, and a hierarchy that is designed to provide a strong system of internal discipline. Then there is the regional hierarchy. These hierarchies are tightly controlled groups with strong systems of internal discipline and clearly defined roles and lines of authority. Next theres the clustered hierarchy. This is an organized crime group that involves a number of smaller organized crime groups that coordinate their activities and enterprises. There is also a core group. This is an unstructured group of organized criminal surrounded by a larger network of individuals engaged in serious criminal activity. Finally, theres the criminal network. Criminal networks are loosely organized, highly adaptable, very fluid of networks of individual participants who organize themselves around ongoing criminal enterprise (Lynman Potter, 2007). The perception I had of organized crime is different from what I read in week one. Before this week, I always associated the Mob or the Mafia with organized crime. I think this comes from the movies and television shows that I have watched. I described organized crime as a group of people working for a â€Å"boss† to break the law. I thought that there was one head and people reported to him. I did not know that there were different categories of organized crime. I always associated drug trafficking and murder for hire as organized crimes. The readings have helped me to understand what organized crime really is and who is or can be involved. Before now, I would have never associated corruption or extortion with organized crime. I ultimately believed that this was something that was made up for movies and TV shows such as The Godfather, Scarface, The Sopranos, and The Wire. Before watching The Wire, I only associated Italians with organized crime. The characteristics I believe are associated  with organized criminal behavior varies. First, all members of the organization are expected to live by a certain set of rules or a code. They should protect the organization and do what is asked of them by the leaders. I thought the characteristics of organized criminal behavior were similar to that of a gang. The people involved in organized crime may not wear a certain color or live in a certain area but they have the same goal in mind. Protect the group by any means necessary. They have to be loyal to the group, do what they are told by someone else, and do what it takes to make money or a profit for the group. After this first week of class my views on organized crime has changed drastically. I now have a better understanding of what organized crime is and a more knowledge on organized criminal groups. I can let go of all of the stereotypes I may have had and now understand that organized criminal organizations have one goal in mind, make a profit for the organization no matter if it is financial or political. References Lyman, M., Potter, G. (2007). Understanding Organized Crime. Organized Crime (Fourth ed., pp. 1-38). New York: Pearson Education.

Quit Smoking Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Example Essays

YOU CAN QUIT SMOKING Dr.Sayeed Akhtar Chief Medical Officer. Central Institute of Psychiatry. Ranchi Cigarettes are full of poison. Tobacco smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals as well as tar and nicotine, There is also the gas carbon monoxide, ammonia and arsenic. At least 43 of the chemicals in tobacco smoke are known to cause cancers of the lung, throat, mouth, bladder and kidney. Tobacco smoke also contributes to a number of other cancers. Nnicotine is the addictive drug in tobacco, and the mixture of nicotine and carbon mono oxide in each cigarette you smoke temporarily increases your heart rate and blood pressure, straining your heart and blood vessels. This can cause heart attack and stroke. It slows your blood flow cutting off oxygen to your feet and hands. Some smokers end up having their limbs amputated. Tar coasts your lung like soot in chimney and causes cancer. A 20 a day smoker breathes in up to a full cup (210 g) of tar in a year changing to low tar cigarettes doesn’t help because smoker usually take deeper puffs and hold the smoke in for longer, dragging the tar deeper in their lungs. Carbon mono oxide robs your muscles, brain, and body tissue of oxygen, making your whole body specially your heart work harder, over time; your airways swell up and less air into your lungs. There is enough reason why you should quit smoking. It causes disease like Emphysema (rots lungs, vulnerable to get repeated bronchitis and heart and lung failure), Lung canc...

Rise of Stalin

Essay Topic: â€Å"People can be swept along by events, whilst others use events to their advantage† How accurate is this statement in relation to the rise of power of either Joseph Stalin or Benito Mussolini? Joseph Stalin’s rise to power in relation to the statement â€Å"People can be swept along by events, whilst others use events to their advantage† is that of the latter when taking a look at how he was able to rise to the position of dictator of the Soviet Union.Stalin meticulously plotted his way into power using influential events, such as the occurrence of his promotion to General Secretary in which he displayed political skills to manipulate political situations, and also the influential post of liaising between Lenin and the Politburo with great success. Though his ascent to the leadership of the Soviet Union was neither easy nor inevitable, Stalin’s success was not an accident. He had tactics in place to gain the position, and Lenin’s de ath was the most major of all events that Stalin used to his advantage to take power.Relative to the statement, Stalin climbed the political ranks by being a loyal supporter and member to the Bolshevik party. Stalin, born in Georgia, and educated at Tiflis Theological College until he was expelled in 1899 for his revolutionary ideas, had joined Lenin's party as early as 1903 and thus was one of the Old Guard among Bolsheviks. To begin with, Stalin was one of Lenin’s favourites, and in 1912, Lenin, appointed him to serve on the first Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party. SparkNotes, 27/2/13) Stalin worked his way up the political ranks of the communist Bolshevik Party, gaining respect for doing many of the dirty jobs that no-one else wanted such as robbing banks to fund the Bolshevik Party . Between 1917 and 1922, Lenin gave Stalin three key jobs, People’s Commissar for Nationalities, Head of Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate, and Liaison Officer whi ch gave him a position of some importance amongst the party. However, in 1922, what can now be described as his most influential appointment to occur, Stalin was chosen to be General Secretary of the Communist Party. JohndClare, 27/2/13) His appointment to General Secretary was the most important occurrence in the buildup to Stalin’s battle for power as was the view of British Marxist Historian Edward Carr, who believed the rise of Stalin was due to the Party and the post as General Secretary. At the time this event appeared insignificant, most members in the party saw the job as quite dull and unimportant, but Stalin used it to his advantage with great success. (JohndClare, 1/3/13) The position gave him benefits which allowed him to influence the direction of the Communist Party.The General Secretary position gave Stalin the power to expel or appoint people to posts, and control membership, therefore allowing Stalin to surround himself in the party with his supporters and re move those loyal to his enemies. He had accumulated enormous power into his hands. However, by 1923 Lenin’s thoughts had differed, he had become worried about Stalin, describing him as too brutal and self-serving â€Å"†¦ I am not sure that he will always know how to use that power with sufficient caution. † Fortunately for Stalin, he remained General Secretary until and beyond Lenin’s death.Without the post, Stalin would have found it near impossible to gain enough supporters and authority in order to rise to the heights of power. (Reed, 1967) Stalin was an opportunist, and the deterioration and then death of Lenin surfaced the important question as to who would succeed him. When Lenin died, it created a confused and uncertain atmosphere to the party, however, Stalin was ready. Not only had Stalin claimed to be the true heir of the master’s legacy at Lenin’s funeral, but he also used Lenin’s death to emulate the glow of Lenin’s achievements by skilfully manipulating the dead leader’s legacy for his own ends. Suite101, 4/3/13) This event provided the chance for Stalin to ride on the movement of popular enthusiasm for Lenin and his accomplishments. Though, despite having an accomplished political position, and having effectively executed his tactics of surrounding himself with his supporters, Stalin’s quest for power was hampered by the revelation in Lenin’s Testament â€Å"I suggest the comrades think about a way of removing Stalin from that post and appointing another man. † Through this revelation, Lenin’s death was the time for Stalin to put his plans into practice.Succession of Lenin would be achieved at the defeat of his insufficient political rivals. He would do this by out-manoeuvring them through political brilliance and ruthlessness. Everybody expected Trotsky the incredible leader of the Red Army would take over the leadership. (Reed, 1967) Stalin and Trotsky wer e therefore in competition for leadership as Trotsky was his main challenge. Their rivalry moved from relatively minor antagonisms and jealousies to bitter competition for the role of Lenin's successor. (Pereira, 1992) Stalin furthermore used his additional jobs such as networking between Lenin and the Politburo when Lenin was ill.This meant that he controlled access to Lenin, and in doing so was able to send Trotsky the wrong date for Lenin’s funeral. Trotsky’s noted absence from Lenin’s funeral resulted in him being depicted as an arrogant character, and consequently Trotsky’s colleagues overlooked his excellent leadership for his big-headed attitude. Stalin therefore formed an alliance with left wing Zinoviev and Kamenev to cover up Lenin’s testament and get Trotsky dismissed in 1925. He then jumped ships to rightist side and encouraged ‘Socialism in one country’ as opposed to ‘World Socialism’ which resulted in the dis missal of Zinoviev and Kamenev.Lastly, he used the General Secretary position to argue that the New Economic Policy was against communism, leading to the dismissal of the right wing Bukharin, Rykov and Tomsky. (JohndClare, 5/3/13) Stalin’s political cleverness was the difference between him and his rivals as viewed by historian Chris Ward, â€Å"Trotsky and Bukharin might win the argument, but Stalin invariably won the vote†. Stalin had longed to be a hero and leader, (Reed, 1967) so he used everything he had to his greatest advantage â€Å"He’s not an intellectual like the other people you will meet †¦ but he knows what he wants.He’s got willpower, and he’s going to be on top of the pile someday† as viewed in Author John Reed’s seemingly accurate prediction on the outcome of Stalin. (Reed, 1919, 96) Stalin gained office after office, as he climbed the political ladder, though not until 1929 had he consolidated his position as he ad of the Communist Party. His ambition and highly calculated approach was a major factor to securing power. Though most importantly, his ascent to leadership was based on the various positions he held in the party and his ability to use them as an edge over his opponents with great skill at the death of his predecessor.His desire to become leader of the Soviet Union was developed by his appointment to General Secretary. However, the death of Lenin opened the door for opportunity. Stalin was an opportunist. He was able to rise to the power how he did because he recognised the importance of each event as they came, and used them to his own advantage. Bibliography: Internet * Stalin Takes Power, accessed 28. 2. 13 http://www. johndclare. net/Russ9. htm * Brett Reed,  European History, 1967, accessed 28. 2. 13 http://www. johndclare. net/Russ_Rev_Brett. htm Infoplease, The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Copyright  © 2011, Columbia University Press, http://www. infoplease. com/en cyclopedia/people/stalin-joseph-vissarionovich-rise-to-power. html * SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on Joseph Stalin. † 2005. http://www. sparknotes. com/biography/stalin/ accessed February 27. 2. 13 * Moreorless, Joseph Stalin, Last modified 21 January 2013, accessed 4. 3. 13 http://www. moreorless. au. com/killers/stalin. html * Alan Kinghorn, Suite101, January 30 2011, accessed 4. 3. 13 http://suite101. om/article/stalin-and-the-battle-to-succeed-lenin-a340177 * Norman Pereira, HistoryToday, Stalin and the communist Party in the 1920s, Published 1992, Viewed 9. 3. 13, http://www. historytoday. com/norman-pereira/stalin-and-communist-party-1920s Books * Josh Brooman, 1994, Russia and the USSR: Empire of Revolution, Longman Group Limited, Essex * John Reed, 1919, Ten Days that shook the World, 1919, Boni & Liveright, New York * Dean Smart, 1998, Russia under Lenin and Stalin, Stanley Thornes, Ellenborough * Steve Phillips, 2000, Lenin and the Russian Revolution, Heinema nn

Euthanasia Is The Most Active - 1548 Words

Euthanasia is the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering. There are different euthanasia laws in each country. The British House of Lords Select Committee on Medical Ethics defines euthanasia as a deliberate intervention undertaken with the express intention of ending a life, to relieve intractable suffering. In the Netherlands and Flanders, euthanasia is understood as termination of life by a doctor at the request of a patient. Euthanasia is categorized in different ways, which include voluntary, non-voluntary, or involuntary. Voluntary euthanasia is legal in some countries. Non-voluntary euthanasia is illegal in all countries. Involuntary euthanasia is usually considered murder. As of 2006, euthanasia is the most active area of research in contemporary bioethics. In some countries there is a divisive public controversy over the moral, ethical, and legal issues of euthanasia. Those who are against euthanasia may argue for the sanctity of life, while proponents of euthanasia rights emphasize alleviating suffering, and preserving bodily integrity, self-determination, and personal autonomy. Jurisdictions where euthanasia is legal include the Netherlands, Colombia, Belgium and Luxembourg. Definition Like other terms borrowed from history, euthanasia has had different meanings depending on usage. The first apparent usage of the term euthanasia belongs to the historian Suetonius, who described how the Emperor Augustus, dyingShow MoreRelatedThe Moral Permissibility of Legalizing Active Euthanasia Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesPermissibility of Legalizing Active Euthanasia To date, in the united States of America, active euthanasia has been seen as unacceptable in legal terms. However, the issue is not so clear in moral terms among the public, and especially among the medical community. In fact, nearly half of the doctors in the United States say that they would prescribe active euthanasia under certain circumstances. The law that prohibits active euthanasia restricts many people fromRead MoreThe Debate Concerning The Morality Of Euthanasia915 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans , arguably more than any other nationality, have a right to their opinion and there exists few subjects that generate more opinions than does euthanasia. The debate concerning the morality of euthanasia parsimoniously rests on the moral assessment of whether or not the physician intentionally kills or intentionally let die the patient. An assumption has been perpetuated that there is a line of demarcation between intending to let die and intending to kill. This pseudo-practical barrierRead MoreEuthanasi A Controversial Issue1273 Words   |  6 PagesActive euthanasia is a complicated and contentious issue. The Oxford dictionary defines euthanasia as, â€Å"The painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma† (Euthanasia, Def.1). Given the requirem ents that one must meet to be able to eligible for active euthanasia: a terminal illness that will lead to death in six months or less, is it moral to grant people this wish? While there should be restrictions in place to help regulate euthanasia,Read MoreEuthanasia And Assisted Suicide Should Be Legalized Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pages The Oxford English Dictionary states that euthanasia is a gentle and easy death (Oxford English Dictionary). According to the Oxford English Dictionary, active euthanasia is the ending of a terminally ill person s life by direct intervention, such as administering a lethal dose of painkilling drug (Oxford English Dictionary). While passive euthanasia according to the Oxford English Dictionary is the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining medical treatment in the knowledge that the personRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide918 Words   |  4 Pagescountries, including the United States, active euthanasia, or physician-assisted suicide, raises public controversy with issues concerning morality, ethics and legality. Regardless of whether or not a person is in favor of, or opposed to active euthanasia, all people would agree that they would want a dignified death for themselves and their loved ones. The problem then starts when people cannot agree to the definiti on of â€Å"dignity†. Opponents of active euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide contendRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Euthanasia1302 Words   |  6 Pagesbehind Euthanasia In an ethics class I took in high school, I have learned about many controversial topics. One that caught my attention specifically was euthanasia or the â€Å"right to die† as some call it. There are many types of Euthanasia, including active and passive. In class we debated the difference between the two and why passive euthanasia is legal and active is not. Active euthanasia is defined as â€Å"a person directly and deliberately causing the patient s death.† (Forms of euthanasia) PassiveRead MoreEuthanasia Is Not An Acceptable Form Of Euthanasia1556 Words   |  7 Pageskilling of patients by physicians, whether called â€Å"active euthanasia† or simply â€Å"euthanasia,† is a topic of long-standing controversy† (Mappes, Zembaty, and DeGrazia 59). â€Å"Although active euthanasia is presently illegal in all fifty states and the District of Columbia, proposals for its legalization have been recurrently advanced. Most commonly, these proposals cal l for the legalization of active euthanasia. There are some who consider active euthanasia in any form intrinsically immoral and, for thisRead MoreThe Dilemma Of Euthanasi Whose Life Is It?1165 Words   |  5 PagesThe Dilemma of Euthanasia The Dilemma of Euthanasia: Whose Life Is It? Andrea R Burroughs Ethics for the Health Care Professionals Dr. Ferhat Zengul November 8, 2014 Abstract The practice of euthanasia is one of the most debatable topics in many countries today. It’s been a pertinent issue in human rights because it affects both legal and ethical issues. This paper will include an overview and clarification of the euthanasia issue. It will also include legal and ethical debates thatRead MoreThe Morality Of Euthanasia And Euthanasia1350 Words   |  6 PagesThe morality of euthanasia continues to be a controversial topic. Its subject matter, death, is shrouded in emotional feelings that often obscure the logical appraisal of the subject. For opponents of euthanasia, passive and active euthanasia are seen as distinct and subject to different morality rulings. According to Vaughn â€Å"Active euthanasia is said to involve performing an action that directly causes someone to die†¦ Passive euthanasia is allowing someone to die by not doing something that wouldRead MoreEuthanasi Active And Passive Euthanasia1562 Words   |  7 PagesEuthanasia, a lso known as voluntary or assisted suicide, is used for terminally ill patients to end their lives instead of undergoing painful treatments and torment of waiting for death. There are, however, two different ways in which A can bring about B’s death. In this essay I will present the distinction between active and passive euthanasia as explained by James Rachels in his article called â€Å"Active and Passive Euthanasia†. I will also debate whether euthanasia is justified or not by presenting

World War 2 - 910 Words

2/15/12 DBQ: World War II The Road to War During the early 1920 s many people thought that peace had finally been reached. However, in the late 1920 s and throughout the 1930 s, they realized that they were wrong. Dictators came into power in countries that were displeased with the results of World War I. Germany, Italy and Japan wanted power, so they took aggressive action that not even The League of Nations could stop. British Prime Minister Chamberlain thought that the best way to deal with Hitler was by following a policy of appeasement, but not everybody agreed with him. That is why the causes of World War II vary depending on different perspectives. Many countries became involved in World War II in 1939 because†¦show more content†¦(Document 8) William Shirer stated that the Munich Agreement allowed Hitler to take the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia (Document 4). Even though the Europeans were happy not to have to go to war, Shirer felt that this was only a temporary solution, and that War would be avoided for only a short time (Document 4). When World War I ended, Germany had signed a treaty known as the Treaty of Versailles which provided large fines that Germany had to pay and certain restrictions that Germany had to follow. Hitler defied the terms of the Treaty by sending his troops into the Rhineland, which was a demilitarized zone (Document 3). According to Hitler, since the Rhineland was once part of Germany, it should be again (Document 3). France disagreed with Hitler and would only negotiate with him if he withdrew the German troops from the Rhineland (Document 3). Furthermore, if Hitler refused to do so, Fra nce was willing to use force, if necessary (Document 3) Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia, believed that Germany would continue to attack and conquer land and the people who lived there, regardless of location – and wouldn t stop until they were the most powerful. That is why Selassie believed that the League of Nations should stop the aggressors (Document 2). Unfortunately, the League of Nations refused to get involved, which allowed Germany toShow MoreRelatedThe World Of World War 21383 Words   |  6 Pages World War 2 was one of the most catastrophic events in human history. With millions dying in very few years, the destruction has left a scar on nations that is still visible in the present day. One of the most terrifying nations back during the days of war was Japan. Their culture promoted war, fighting, and being as ruthless as possible, causing them to be an extreme threat to world peace. The military looked into ancient myths about the Japanese, and the Emperor in particular, as they were saidRead MoreWorld War 2 : A Global War1579 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War 2 was a global war from 1939 to 1945 between the Allies and the Axis powers. During the war, over 120,000 American prisoners of war were captured by the German forces. World War 2 started through the bomb in Hiroshima on August 6th 1945. Around 8,000 people died because of radioactive from the bomb. The German prison camps were for mostly Jews since Hitler, the Chancellor of Germany, was against the Jewish religion.The internment camps were in very harsh conditions and many prisoners wereRead MoreWorld War 2 : The Good War1097 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War 2 was known as the good war. The fight for democracy was a big deal to president Franklin and it was a very well fought war. America throughout the war learns to overcome things and start to become more accepting. The war helps unite both blacks and whites to a fight for the same goal. We get our revenge of the bombing at Pea rl Harbor, we work with a very brutal dictator, and we tried to stay neutral for as long as we could. For example in doc 1 the president is advised to stay out of theRead MoreWorld War 2 Paper1057 Words   |  5 PagesCastro, Nazzi 1CA5 I. Introduction For a start, there’s disagreement on when the war started and two common dates for when it finished. In terms of Europe, Russia generally holds that the Great Patriotic War began on June 22nd 1941 with Operation Barbarossa (the German invasion of Russia) while Western Europe uses September 1st 1939, the German invasion of Poland. Both use the date of Germany s unconditional surrender as the end in Europe, but the Western Allies accepted theRead MoreWomen in World War 2888 Words   |  3 Pagesto help the war effort. It was 1941 and the United States finally entered World War II. Most propaganda of the United States encouraged the average women to join the workforce and help with the war effort. With men fighting abroad, it was only necessary for women to start working and leave their normal lives of being a mother and wife. The War Department of the United States emphasized that with women working hard their sons, brothers, and husbands could return quicker (Women at War). Women becameRead MoreDBQ world war 22318 Words   |  10 PagesName_______________________________________ Date____________________________ DBQ 21: Causes of World War II (Adapted from Document-Based Assessment for Global History, Walch Education) Historical Context: Even though the 1920’s began with a favorable outlook for peace, toward the end of the decade and throughout the 1930’s the clouds of war were forming. Dictators arose in countries that were dissatisfied with the results of World War I. Germany, Italy and Japan took aggressive actions, and neither the League ofRead MoreThe Events Of World War 22008 Words   |  9 Pages World War 2 was undoubtedly one of the most important events in history not only for what happened throughout the six years of war but also the aftermath of the war. Beyond the casualties and deaths this devastating war would open new doors for technology advancement, medicine innovations and creations also changes in music ,art ,sports and culture. Furthermore back home in the United States the role of women was beginning to shape up during the conflict at the other side of the world . PreviousRead MoreEssay On World War 2787 Words   |  4 PagesHidden Impacts in World War II World War Two ended after much hard work, followed with celebration and joy. But are the reasons we came to victory more than what we think? During the hard times we once faced, many brave women would sacrifice all they had to contribute to the war in some way. Even if it was something as simple as making inspirational posters, it still helped tremendously. In many ways, women who played a part in the war affected it greatly and the bravery they showed set a hugeRead MoreThe Chronology of World War 1 that Lead to World War 2742 Words   |  3 PagesMany who lived to see the horrendous times of World War 2 have used this phrase to achieve both these ends, for it gives them some small comfort to think that there is some grandiose and powerful meaning behind the happening s of this tragedy. However, as nice as it would be to imagine that there was some deeper meaning to it, WWII was a war not very different from other wars; at least, not in how it came to happen. It had similar causes to many wars; peace was attempted in many time-tried fruitlessRead MoreWorld War 2 essay (Canada)1452 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ During the course of the Second World War, Canada evolved into a powerful, resourceful nation that was needed by the Allies. Canada contributed significantly to the Allied war effort during World War II where they fought on land, water and air and assisted indirectly from the home front. On land, they fought in numerous battles and campaigns such as D-Day, Hong Kong, and the Italian campaign. However, they were also strong and resourceful when it came to air and naval forces in battle. But

The Effects Of Bipolar Disorder On Adolescents - 1275 Words

Moods are all over and ubiquitous; everyone has them. Moods may be happy or sad; energized or sluggish; mad or composed; expressing various combinations of emotional states. Teenagers are well-known for their sudden mood swings, reckless behavior, and rapid changes in emotions, all of which are often typical features of adolescence and generally attributed to what most call as raging hormones. However, it is important to note that these signs and symptoms, when more prominent, disruptive, and longer-lasting, can be indications of bipolar disorder. This may come as a surprise to many, as bipolar disorder has often been thought of as a condition that affects adults. This neurobiological disorder severely affects approximately 5.5 million Americans age 18 or older, or 2.6% of the adult population. An estimated 51% of individuals with this condition are untreated in any given year. On the contrary, bipolar disorder also affects teenagers and its impact can be different, thus necessitatin g the need to learn more about the condition. Also known as manic-depressive illness, bipolar disorder is defined as a brain disorder that causes atypical changes in moods, activity, and energy level. People diagnosed with bipolar disorder experience manic and depressive episodes. Whereas manic episodes feature overexcitement and hyperactivity, depressive episodes feature extreme sadness and lack of activity (Walsh, 2014). There are two major types of bipolar disorder. The first is bipolarShow MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder And Its Effects On The Human Mind987 Words   |  4 Pages Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness that has many effects on the human body and mind. It’s found in young adults and children as well. Statistics show that the disorder affects about four million people in the United States and is becoming one of the most common disabilities in the United States today. People with bipolar disorder undergo two types of mood swings: depression and mania. Those two are then divided into subcategories: Bipolar 1 Di sorder, Bipolar 2 Disorder, and Cylothymia. This paperRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Its Effects On Children1247 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom Bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder or manic-depressive illness is a brain disorder that can affect one’s mood and ability to complete tasks. Bipolar disorder in children is under studied for many reasons. These include, lack of awareness and the difference in the disease seen in adults and children that can make it difficult to continue studies. Bipolar disorder has not been well studied despite harmful effects on growth and development in a child. As the child grows up, bipolar disorder mayRead MoreIt Is Imperative For Patients On Bipolar Disorder Medications Essay741 Words   |  3 PagesIt is imperative for patients on bipolar disorder medications, to be aware of the toxicity level, side effects/adverse effects related to the drugs, and the importance to contact a physician in order to take necessary safety precautions. Also, patients need to be taught not to abruptly stop their medication (s) because of the withdrawal symptoms that can be produced and also because patients can relapse, avoid drinks that contain caffeine (that have diuretic effects), avoid alcoholic beverages andRead MoreBipolar Disorder : A Psychological Disorder1293 Words   |  6 Pages Bipolar disorder is a psychological disorder in which a person alternates between being depressed to extremely happy and being cross or irritable. Bipolar disorder is also known manic-depressive illness. Bipolar disorder can cause shifts in energy, mood and activity le vel. This disorder can cause damage up to many things like relationships, jobs, school performance and even suicide. There are many treatments to bipolar disorder for those that have or are being affected. Bipolar Disorder BipolarRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Early Onset Bipolar Disorder1742 Words   |  7 Pages Early-onset bipolar disorder is a chronic mood disturbance that causes dramatic shifts in one’s mood that is uncharacteristic of their normal mood and behavior. This hereditary behavioral disorder causes mood swings from extreme lows, depression, to extreme highs, mania. It usually occurs in mid- to late-adolescence but can appear as early as elementary school. The unique symptoms of this age group are angry and aggressive outbursts followed by periods of remorse and guilt, declining academic performanceRead MoreShould Bipolar Disorder Be Diagnosed? Children?1731 Words   |  7 Pages Should Bipolar Disorder be Diagnosed in Children? Emily Gell Brookdale Community College  Manic depression disorder, more commonly known today as bipolar disorder, is a mental illness that can affect any age, race, or gender. It is not prejudiced, and has a grim prognosis if the symptoms are not treated or controlled in some fashion. Bipolar disorder is, by Boris Birmaher as the presence of recurrent episodes of mania or hypomania with and without episodes of depression (BirmaherRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Treatment854 Words   |  4 Pagesmedical condition known as bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is when a person suffers from severe shifts in mood and energy. In most cases, bipolar disorder can be treated and people with the illness can live normal and productive lives with the help of medication and or therapy. Aiken, C. (2010). Family Experiences of Bipolar Disorder: The Ups, the Downs and the Bits in Between. Retrieved from Ebsco Host. In this book the author discusses her own dealings with Bipolar Disorder. She goes on to say howRead MoreThe Dsm 5 : Bipolar And Related Disorders1693 Words   |  7 PagesThe DSM-5(2013) section on Bipolar and related disorders includes diagnoses for Bipolar I disorder, Bipolar II disorder, cyclothymic disorder, substance/medication induced bipolar and related disorder, bipolar and related disorder due to another medical condition, other specified bipolar and related disorder and unspecified bipolar and related disorder there is no classification for pediatric or early onset bipolar disorder. Though there is the following statement â€Å"the recognition that many individualsRead MorePsychhizophrenia Research Paper1333 Words   |  6 PagesIt is imperative to seek treatment for children or adolescents who present with the onset of serious mental illness. Early-onset of illness is a high prediction of poor outcomes for the patient. Severe mental illness diagnoses include schizophr enia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. The schizophrenia spectrum includes schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder and xxxx. The diagnoses fall into xxx categories; xxx, xxxx and xxx. Early onset of schizophreniaRead MoreEffect Of N Acetyl Cysteine ( Nac ) On The Cognitive Functions Of Bipolar Disorder ( Bd )863 Words   |  4 PagesThis article is a study conducted on the effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on the cognitive functions in bipolar disorder (BD). This article informs the readers that BD, a disorder characterized by extreme mood swings of mania and depression. BD is also found to alter cognitive functions. The use of NAC as a form of treatment is an adjunct therapy for the symptoms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as NAC intake showed an increase in antioxidant and glutathione levels, decrease inflammatory cytokines

The Trait Theory of Leadership-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Anayse Various type of Leadership. Answer: Introduction The essay provides detailed analysis about the various types of leadership exercised in different situation. The three kinds of situations namely, CEO of a multi-national company, supervisor of a construction site and a sport coach are discussed along with the respective suitable leadership styles. The theories such as trait theory, behavioral theory and contingency theory of leadership are referred in the essay. The leadership styles such as transformational leadership, transactional leadership and democratic leadership style are conversed in the essay. The present paper concludes that leadership is not precisely represented by the position of the individual in the organization. It is phenomenon which is exercised in different level at the organization and even in certain social situation. Literature Review From several decades people are trying to add new concepts on the area of what makes a excellent leader. There had been various arguments since several centuries about the ideal definition of leadership (Woods, 2007). Scholars found out that leadership is a complex phenomenon and it cant be defined easily. In 20th century there exist several studies which are focused on the leadership and its effectiveness (Weinberger, 2009). It is appropriate to say that leadership play vital role in the organization in terms of achieving objectives and goal, thus it is an important aspect from organization or any particular situation point of view (Colbert et. al 2008). Leadership is a relationship which exists between two parties, one is a leader while others are followers, who creates a shared value and strive towards achievement of shared objective together (Lee, 2008). Based on this concept the leader is likely to be act as a role model for the followers and the followers should climb the path directed by leader to accomplish the given tasks (Knab, 2009). Although the leadership is mostly linked to the feature of leading or directing there are several dimension to the act of leadership. McCleskey (2014) proposed that leaders have distinguished traits as compared to other people. Based on the trait theory, leaders have different traits in terms of task competence, demographics and interpersonal attributes. However, the behavior theory provides that the leaders can be differentiated based on their behaviors. Based on the past literature on leadership there are 65 separate classifications of leader behavior (Derue et.al, 2011). The most consistently researched categories of behaviors are task-oriented, relational-oriented, change-oriented behaviors, and passive leadership. The task oriented behavior of a leader includes defining task roles, determining the standards of performance, co-ordination with team members, take corrective action and contingent rewards. The relational-oriented behavior includes the democratic (Northouse, 2015) and participative (Dolatabadi Safa, 2010) style of leadership. Here, the leaders are approachable, friendly and show concern about the followers. The change-oriented behavior of a leader consists of communication of vision for change, encouragement of the followers and risk-taking behavior (Lpez-Domnguez et al. 2013). The transformational leadership represents the change-oriented behavior of leaders. The passive leaders are not actively engaged in the proble m solving zone. The laissez-faire leadership is the example of passive leadership behavior (Chaudhry Javed, 2012). As there are various types of behavior one can implement and there are distinguished traits of leadership, the question arises as what exactly a person should do while leading a group of people? The answer is given in contingency leadership theory. The contingency theory states that there is no single way to lead people; the leadership style should be according to the situation. Thus, it is vital that the leader understand the different factors assembled in the situation and follow a leadership style which is appropriate to the situation. CEOof aMulti-National Company CEO of a multi-national company is a position which allocates decision making power along with the linked responsibility. As per the trait theory a CEO of the company should have task competence and interpersonal attributes. The person is responsible for the critical decisions in the company and thus detailed knowledge about the domain of the company (task competence) is required. On the other hand, CEO has to deal with various teams working in the company including technical team, marketing team, human resource team, finance team and many more. Thus, interpersonal attribute is the essential trait in the CEO of the multi-national company. The transformational leadership (change-oriented behavior) is a suitable style of leadership for a CEO. Cheung and Wong (2011) stated that transformational leader should motivate the follower, stimulate the intellectual, influence their work orientation (performance), provide vision and objective, and lastly mentor the followers to accomplish the sh ared objective. As per Chaudhry and Javed, (2012), the transformational leader should encourage the followers to think out of the box which is completely applicable for a leader at CEO position. There are real time examples in the past that transformational leadership of a CEO has leaded the company towards success and innovation. One of such renowned example is Jeff Bezos, CEO of Amazon.com who are created history due to the innovative thinking and transformation leadership. Despite of huge competition in the online retail domain Jeff Bezos, made Amazon.com to perform, sustain and provided a rapid growth to the company. ASupervisoron aConstruction Site The supervisor on the construction site needs to take care of the timely completion of project, safety of workers and tools (resources) required to complete the task. As per the path-goal theory (Northouse, 2015), the supervisor at the construction site should focus on the leadership actions which will motivate the workers and enhance their performance to attain the work-related goals. As the supervisors on the construction site have to take care of the day-to-day allocation of resources the transactional leadership style is suitable for them. Dumdum, Lowe and Avolio (2013) stated that transactional leaders are the one who focused on proper allocation of the resources and timely completion of the task. Transactional leaders convey the followers that they have to perform as per the instruction of the leader; in turn the leader will recognize their contribution and provide appropriate reward to them. Here, the supervisor on a construction site can motivate the worker to perform well, b e committed to the work in order to receive the reward in terms of bonus after completion of task. As per McCleskey (2014), the transactional leader take cares of two factors, management by exception and contingent reward. The reward in terms of bonus, flexible work time, leave allocation and assurance of assignment of upcoming task can be used by the supervisor to motivate the workers to improve their work performance. The fair treatment as well as appropriate reward by the supervisor will act as a means of satisfaction of the worker which can further assure the long term loyalty and commitment. ASports Coach A sports coach is a person who is not actually involved in the action of sport but responsible for the performance of the player. The position of sports coach is a challenging job which need appropriate leadership behavior to ensure the excellent performance from the players. The sports coach is responsible for creating a vision and inspiring the athletes to over par their individual performance (Chelladurai, 2007). Some of the functions of sports coach involve instilling pride, building confidence, and enhancing morale of the athletes. The sports coach is also responsible for providing corrective feedback, counseling, support and encouraging creativity among the players. The praise or rewards given by the sports coach is very significant for the players and thus a coach has to recognize the contribution of the players in the game. There are two kind of leadership which is popular among sports coach namely, demanding- directive leadership while the other one is autonomy-supportive le adership. The coach exercising the demanding-directive leadership has to demand continuous efforts from the players to enhance their performance and achieve excellence. The coach has to direct the athletes towards the accomplishment of set goals using planned training and hard work (Chelladurai, 2007). The autonomy-supportive leadership exercised by a coach includes providing choices to the players to enhance their performance and supporting them in the journey of achievement. As the coach is never present on ground, they must ensure the cultivation of decision making process among the players. The democratic leadership style is suitable for a coach under which they can make athletes to participate the process and allow them to take appropriate decisions (Day Sammons, 2013). When it comes to the sports coach the name of Harry Hopman is often taken as an extra-ordinary coach. Hopman successfully coached 22 Australian tennis teams for Davis cup and responsible for 16 unmatched wins. It is well said in the case of Hopman that the coach acts as a catalyst for the winning performance of the team. Conclusion The trait theory of leadership provides that it is essential for a leader to have in-depth knowledge of the task and interpersonal attributes. The contingency theory on the other hand put emphasis on the situational behavior of the leader which is gets fit in the circumstances. In the case of CEO of the company the change-oriented behavior and transformational leadership style is appropriate to lead the company towards growth and innovation. In the case of supervisor on the construction site, the important aspects are dedication of workers towards task, enhanced performance and timely completion of project. Thus, the supervisor has to follow the transactional leadership style for proper allocation of resources, motivating worker to perform and providing reward for achievement of set goal. For the coach of a sports team, building confidence, enhancing team morale, providing feedback and emphasis on training are some important functions. The democratic leadership style will help the coach to get the players involved and motivate them to perform well. As discussed above, we can conclude that leadership does not come with the position but it is the action which individual takes for the achievement of shared goals. It is essential for a leader to behave based on the circumstances and ensure high motivation of followers for the accomplishment of set objective References Chaudhry, A. Q., Javed, H. (2012). Impact of transactional and laissez faire leadership style on motivation.International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(7). Chelladurai, P. (2007). Leadership in sports.Handbook of Sport Psychology, Third Edition, 111-135. Cheung, M. F., Wong, C. S. (2011). Transformational leadership, leader support, and employee creativity.Leadership Organization Development Journal,32(7), 656-672. Colbert, A. E., Kristof-Brown, A. L., Bradley, B. H., Barrick, M. R. (2008). CEO transformational leadership: The role of goal importance congruence in top management teams.Academy of Management Journal,51(1), 81-96. Day, C., Sammons, P. (2013).Successful Leadership: A Review of the International Literature. CFBT Education Trust. England. Derue, D. S., Nahrgang, J. D., Wellman, N. E. D., Humphrey, S. E. (2011). Trait and behavioral theories of leadership: An integration and meta?analytic test of their relative validity.Personnel Psychology,64(1), 7-52. Dolatabadi, H. R., Safa, M. (2010). The effect of directive and participative leadership style on employees commitment to service quality.International Bulletin of Business Administration,9, 31-42. Dumdum, U. R., Lowe, K. B., Avolio, B. J. (2013). A meta-analysis of transformational and transactional leadership correlates of effectiveness and satisfaction: An update and extension. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. 39-70). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Knab, D. (2009). A comparison of the leadership practices of principals of Making Middle Grades Work schools as measured by the Leadership Practices Inventory.Academic Leadership Journal,7(3), 2. Lee, J. (2008). Effects of leadership and leader-member exchange on innovativeness.Journal of Managerial Psychology,23(6), 670-687. Lpez-Domnguez, M., Enache, M., Sallan, J. M., Simo, P. (2013). Transformational leadership as an antecedent of change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Business Research,66(10), 2147-2152. McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), 117. Northouse, P. G. (2015).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Weinberger, L. A. (2009). Emotional intelligence, leadership style, and perceived leadership effectiveness.Advances in Developing Human Resources,11(6), 747-772. Woods, T. J. (2007). Motivating faculty through transactional and transformational leadership strategies.Journal of Leadership Studies,1(2), 64-73.